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Description: The psi and theta functions are asymptotic to each other, so is sufficient to prove either theta ( x ) / x ~>r 1 or psi ( x ) / x ~>r 1 to establish the PNT. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 8-Apr-2016)
| Ref | Expression | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Assertion | chpchtlim | |- ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( ( psi ` x ) / ( theta ` x ) ) ) ~~>r 1 |
| Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1red | |- ( T. -> 1 e. RR ) |
|
| 2 | 1red | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> 1 e. RR ) |
|
| 3 | 2re | |- 2 e. RR |
|
| 4 | elicopnf | |- ( 2 e. RR -> ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) <-> ( x e. RR /\ 2 <_ x ) ) ) |
|
| 5 | 3 4 | ax-mp | |- ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) <-> ( x e. RR /\ 2 <_ x ) ) |
| 6 | 5 | simplbi | |- ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) -> x e. RR ) |
| 7 | 6 | adantl | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> x e. RR ) |
| 8 | 0red | |- ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) -> 0 e. RR ) |
|
| 9 | 3 | a1i | |- ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) -> 2 e. RR ) |
| 10 | 2pos | |- 0 < 2 |
|
| 11 | 10 | a1i | |- ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) -> 0 < 2 ) |
| 12 | 5 | simprbi | |- ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) -> 2 <_ x ) |
| 13 | 8 9 6 11 12 | ltletrd | |- ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) -> 0 < x ) |
| 14 | 6 13 | elrpd | |- ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) -> x e. RR+ ) |
| 15 | 14 | adantl | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> x e. RR+ ) |
| 16 | 15 | rpge0d | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> 0 <_ x ) |
| 17 | 7 16 | resqrtcld | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( sqrt ` x ) e. RR ) |
| 18 | 15 | relogcld | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( log ` x ) e. RR ) |
| 19 | 17 18 | remulcld | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) e. RR ) |
| 20 | 12 | adantl | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> 2 <_ x ) |
| 21 | chtrpcl | |- ( ( x e. RR /\ 2 <_ x ) -> ( theta ` x ) e. RR+ ) |
|
| 22 | 7 20 21 | syl2anc | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( theta ` x ) e. RR+ ) |
| 23 | 19 22 | rerpdivcld | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / ( theta ` x ) ) e. RR ) |
| 24 | 6 | ssriv | |- ( 2 [,) +oo ) C_ RR |
| 25 | 1 | recnd | |- ( T. -> 1 e. CC ) |
| 26 | rlimconst | |- ( ( ( 2 [,) +oo ) C_ RR /\ 1 e. CC ) -> ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> 1 ) ~~>r 1 ) |
|
| 27 | 24 25 26 | sylancr | |- ( T. -> ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> 1 ) ~~>r 1 ) |
| 28 | ovexd | |- ( T. -> ( 2 [,) +oo ) e. _V ) |
|
| 29 | 7 22 | rerpdivcld | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( x / ( theta ` x ) ) e. RR ) |
| 30 | ovexd | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / x ) e. _V ) |
|
| 31 | eqidd | |- ( T. -> ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( x / ( theta ` x ) ) ) = ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( x / ( theta ` x ) ) ) ) |
|
| 32 | 7 | recnd | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> x e. CC ) |
| 33 | cxpsqrt | |- ( x e. CC -> ( x ^c ( 1 / 2 ) ) = ( sqrt ` x ) ) |
|
| 34 | 32 33 | syl | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( x ^c ( 1 / 2 ) ) = ( sqrt ` x ) ) |
| 35 | 34 | oveq2d | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( ( log ` x ) / ( x ^c ( 1 / 2 ) ) ) = ( ( log ` x ) / ( sqrt ` x ) ) ) |
| 36 | 18 | recnd | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( log ` x ) e. CC ) |
| 37 | 15 | rpsqrtcld | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( sqrt ` x ) e. RR+ ) |
| 38 | 37 | rpcnne0d | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( ( sqrt ` x ) e. CC /\ ( sqrt ` x ) =/= 0 ) ) |
| 39 | divcan5 | |- ( ( ( log ` x ) e. CC /\ ( ( sqrt ` x ) e. CC /\ ( sqrt ` x ) =/= 0 ) /\ ( ( sqrt ` x ) e. CC /\ ( sqrt ` x ) =/= 0 ) ) -> ( ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( sqrt ` x ) ) ) = ( ( log ` x ) / ( sqrt ` x ) ) ) |
|
| 40 | 36 38 38 39 | syl3anc | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( sqrt ` x ) ) ) = ( ( log ` x ) / ( sqrt ` x ) ) ) |
| 41 | remsqsqrt | |- ( ( x e. RR /\ 0 <_ x ) -> ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( sqrt ` x ) ) = x ) |
|
| 42 | 7 16 41 | syl2anc | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( sqrt ` x ) ) = x ) |
| 43 | 42 | oveq2d | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( sqrt ` x ) ) ) = ( ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / x ) ) |
| 44 | 35 40 43 | 3eqtr2d | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( ( log ` x ) / ( x ^c ( 1 / 2 ) ) ) = ( ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / x ) ) |
| 45 | 44 | mpteq2dva | |- ( T. -> ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( ( log ` x ) / ( x ^c ( 1 / 2 ) ) ) ) = ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / x ) ) ) |
| 46 | 28 29 30 31 45 | offval2 | |- ( T. -> ( ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( x / ( theta ` x ) ) ) oF x. ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( ( log ` x ) / ( x ^c ( 1 / 2 ) ) ) ) ) = ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( ( x / ( theta ` x ) ) x. ( ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / x ) ) ) ) |
| 47 | 15 | rpne0d | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> x =/= 0 ) |
| 48 | 22 | rpcnne0d | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( ( theta ` x ) e. CC /\ ( theta ` x ) =/= 0 ) ) |
| 49 | 19 | recnd | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) e. CC ) |
| 50 | dmdcan | |- ( ( ( x e. CC /\ x =/= 0 ) /\ ( ( theta ` x ) e. CC /\ ( theta ` x ) =/= 0 ) /\ ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) e. CC ) -> ( ( x / ( theta ` x ) ) x. ( ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / x ) ) = ( ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / ( theta ` x ) ) ) |
|
| 51 | 32 47 48 49 50 | syl211anc | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( ( x / ( theta ` x ) ) x. ( ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / x ) ) = ( ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / ( theta ` x ) ) ) |
| 52 | 51 | mpteq2dva | |- ( T. -> ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( ( x / ( theta ` x ) ) x. ( ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / x ) ) ) = ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / ( theta ` x ) ) ) ) |
| 53 | 46 52 | eqtrd | |- ( T. -> ( ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( x / ( theta ` x ) ) ) oF x. ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( ( log ` x ) / ( x ^c ( 1 / 2 ) ) ) ) ) = ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / ( theta ` x ) ) ) ) |
| 54 | chto1lb | |- ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( x / ( theta ` x ) ) ) e. O(1) |
|
| 55 | 14 | ssriv | |- ( 2 [,) +oo ) C_ RR+ |
| 56 | 55 | a1i | |- ( T. -> ( 2 [,) +oo ) C_ RR+ ) |
| 57 | 1rp | |- 1 e. RR+ |
|
| 58 | rphalfcl | |- ( 1 e. RR+ -> ( 1 / 2 ) e. RR+ ) |
|
| 59 | 57 58 | ax-mp | |- ( 1 / 2 ) e. RR+ |
| 60 | cxploglim | |- ( ( 1 / 2 ) e. RR+ -> ( x e. RR+ |-> ( ( log ` x ) / ( x ^c ( 1 / 2 ) ) ) ) ~~>r 0 ) |
|
| 61 | 59 60 | ax-mp | |- ( x e. RR+ |-> ( ( log ` x ) / ( x ^c ( 1 / 2 ) ) ) ) ~~>r 0 |
| 62 | 61 | a1i | |- ( T. -> ( x e. RR+ |-> ( ( log ` x ) / ( x ^c ( 1 / 2 ) ) ) ) ~~>r 0 ) |
| 63 | 56 62 | rlimres2 | |- ( T. -> ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( ( log ` x ) / ( x ^c ( 1 / 2 ) ) ) ) ~~>r 0 ) |
| 64 | o1rlimmul | |- ( ( ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( x / ( theta ` x ) ) ) e. O(1) /\ ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( ( log ` x ) / ( x ^c ( 1 / 2 ) ) ) ) ~~>r 0 ) -> ( ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( x / ( theta ` x ) ) ) oF x. ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( ( log ` x ) / ( x ^c ( 1 / 2 ) ) ) ) ) ~~>r 0 ) |
|
| 65 | 54 63 64 | sylancr | |- ( T. -> ( ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( x / ( theta ` x ) ) ) oF x. ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( ( log ` x ) / ( x ^c ( 1 / 2 ) ) ) ) ) ~~>r 0 ) |
| 66 | 53 65 | eqbrtrrd | |- ( T. -> ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / ( theta ` x ) ) ) ~~>r 0 ) |
| 67 | 2 23 27 66 | rlimadd | |- ( T. -> ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( 1 + ( ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / ( theta ` x ) ) ) ) ~~>r ( 1 + 0 ) ) |
| 68 | 1p0e1 | |- ( 1 + 0 ) = 1 |
|
| 69 | 67 68 | breqtrdi | |- ( T. -> ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( 1 + ( ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / ( theta ` x ) ) ) ) ~~>r 1 ) |
| 70 | 1re | |- 1 e. RR |
|
| 71 | readdcl | |- ( ( 1 e. RR /\ ( ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / ( theta ` x ) ) e. RR ) -> ( 1 + ( ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / ( theta ` x ) ) ) e. RR ) |
|
| 72 | 70 23 71 | sylancr | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( 1 + ( ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / ( theta ` x ) ) ) e. RR ) |
| 73 | chpcl | |- ( x e. RR -> ( psi ` x ) e. RR ) |
|
| 74 | 7 73 | syl | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( psi ` x ) e. RR ) |
| 75 | 74 22 | rerpdivcld | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( ( psi ` x ) / ( theta ` x ) ) e. RR ) |
| 76 | chtcl | |- ( x e. RR -> ( theta ` x ) e. RR ) |
|
| 77 | 7 76 | syl | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( theta ` x ) e. RR ) |
| 78 | 77 19 | readdcld | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( ( theta ` x ) + ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) ) e. RR ) |
| 79 | 3 | a1i | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> 2 e. RR ) |
| 80 | 1le2 | |- 1 <_ 2 |
|
| 81 | 80 | a1i | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> 1 <_ 2 ) |
| 82 | 2 79 7 81 20 | letrd | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> 1 <_ x ) |
| 83 | chpub | |- ( ( x e. RR /\ 1 <_ x ) -> ( psi ` x ) <_ ( ( theta ` x ) + ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) ) ) |
|
| 84 | 7 82 83 | syl2anc | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( psi ` x ) <_ ( ( theta ` x ) + ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) ) ) |
| 85 | 74 78 22 84 | lediv1dd | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( ( psi ` x ) / ( theta ` x ) ) <_ ( ( ( theta ` x ) + ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) ) / ( theta ` x ) ) ) |
| 86 | 22 | rpcnd | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( theta ` x ) e. CC ) |
| 87 | divdir | |- ( ( ( theta ` x ) e. CC /\ ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) e. CC /\ ( ( theta ` x ) e. CC /\ ( theta ` x ) =/= 0 ) ) -> ( ( ( theta ` x ) + ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) ) / ( theta ` x ) ) = ( ( ( theta ` x ) / ( theta ` x ) ) + ( ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / ( theta ` x ) ) ) ) |
|
| 88 | 86 49 48 87 | syl3anc | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( ( ( theta ` x ) + ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) ) / ( theta ` x ) ) = ( ( ( theta ` x ) / ( theta ` x ) ) + ( ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / ( theta ` x ) ) ) ) |
| 89 | divid | |- ( ( ( theta ` x ) e. CC /\ ( theta ` x ) =/= 0 ) -> ( ( theta ` x ) / ( theta ` x ) ) = 1 ) |
|
| 90 | 48 89 | syl | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( ( theta ` x ) / ( theta ` x ) ) = 1 ) |
| 91 | 90 | oveq1d | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( ( ( theta ` x ) / ( theta ` x ) ) + ( ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / ( theta ` x ) ) ) = ( 1 + ( ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / ( theta ` x ) ) ) ) |
| 92 | 88 91 | eqtrd | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( ( ( theta ` x ) + ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) ) / ( theta ` x ) ) = ( 1 + ( ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / ( theta ` x ) ) ) ) |
| 93 | 85 92 | breqtrd | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( ( psi ` x ) / ( theta ` x ) ) <_ ( 1 + ( ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / ( theta ` x ) ) ) ) |
| 94 | 93 | adantrr | |- ( ( T. /\ ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) /\ 1 <_ x ) ) -> ( ( psi ` x ) / ( theta ` x ) ) <_ ( 1 + ( ( ( sqrt ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / ( theta ` x ) ) ) ) |
| 95 | 86 | mullidd | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( 1 x. ( theta ` x ) ) = ( theta ` x ) ) |
| 96 | chtlepsi | |- ( x e. RR -> ( theta ` x ) <_ ( psi ` x ) ) |
|
| 97 | 7 96 | syl | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( theta ` x ) <_ ( psi ` x ) ) |
| 98 | 95 97 | eqbrtrd | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( 1 x. ( theta ` x ) ) <_ ( psi ` x ) ) |
| 99 | 2 74 22 | lemuldivd | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( ( 1 x. ( theta ` x ) ) <_ ( psi ` x ) <-> 1 <_ ( ( psi ` x ) / ( theta ` x ) ) ) ) |
| 100 | 98 99 | mpbid | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> 1 <_ ( ( psi ` x ) / ( theta ` x ) ) ) |
| 101 | 100 | adantrr | |- ( ( T. /\ ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) /\ 1 <_ x ) ) -> 1 <_ ( ( psi ` x ) / ( theta ` x ) ) ) |
| 102 | 1 1 69 72 75 94 101 | rlimsqz2 | |- ( T. -> ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( ( psi ` x ) / ( theta ` x ) ) ) ~~>r 1 ) |
| 103 | 102 | mptru | |- ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( ( psi ` x ) / ( theta ` x ) ) ) ~~>r 1 |