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Description: Another expression for the logarithm of a factorial, in terms of the von Mangoldt function. Equation 9.2.7 of Shapiro, p. 329. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 15-Apr-2016) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 3-May-2016)
| Ref | Expression | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Assertion | logfac2 | |- ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) -> ( log ` ( ! ` ( |_ ` A ) ) ) = sum_ k e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) ( ( Lam ` k ) x. ( |_ ` ( A / k ) ) ) ) |
| Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | flge0nn0 | |- ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) -> ( |_ ` A ) e. NN0 ) |
|
| 2 | logfac | |- ( ( |_ ` A ) e. NN0 -> ( log ` ( ! ` ( |_ ` A ) ) ) = sum_ n e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) ( log ` n ) ) |
|
| 3 | 1 2 | syl | |- ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) -> ( log ` ( ! ` ( |_ ` A ) ) ) = sum_ n e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) ( log ` n ) ) |
| 4 | fzfid | |- ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) -> ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) e. Fin ) |
|
| 5 | fzfid | |- ( ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) /\ k e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) ) -> ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) e. Fin ) |
|
| 6 | ssrab2 | |- { x e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) | k || x } C_ ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) |
|
| 7 | ssfi | |- ( ( ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) e. Fin /\ { x e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) | k || x } C_ ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) ) -> { x e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) | k || x } e. Fin ) |
|
| 8 | 5 6 7 | sylancl | |- ( ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) /\ k e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) ) -> { x e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) | k || x } e. Fin ) |
| 9 | flcl | |- ( A e. RR -> ( |_ ` A ) e. ZZ ) |
|
| 10 | 9 | adantr | |- ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) -> ( |_ ` A ) e. ZZ ) |
| 11 | fznn | |- ( ( |_ ` A ) e. ZZ -> ( k e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) <-> ( k e. NN /\ k <_ ( |_ ` A ) ) ) ) |
|
| 12 | 10 11 | syl | |- ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) -> ( k e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) <-> ( k e. NN /\ k <_ ( |_ ` A ) ) ) ) |
| 13 | 12 | anbi1d | |- ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) -> ( ( k e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) /\ ( n e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) /\ k || n ) ) <-> ( ( k e. NN /\ k <_ ( |_ ` A ) ) /\ ( n e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) /\ k || n ) ) ) ) |
| 14 | nnre | |- ( k e. NN -> k e. RR ) |
|
| 15 | 14 | ad2antlr | |- ( ( ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) /\ k e. NN ) /\ ( n e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) /\ k || n ) ) -> k e. RR ) |
| 16 | elfznn | |- ( n e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) -> n e. NN ) |
|
| 17 | 16 | ad2antrl | |- ( ( ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) /\ k e. NN ) /\ ( n e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) /\ k || n ) ) -> n e. NN ) |
| 18 | 17 | nnred | |- ( ( ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) /\ k e. NN ) /\ ( n e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) /\ k || n ) ) -> n e. RR ) |
| 19 | reflcl | |- ( A e. RR -> ( |_ ` A ) e. RR ) |
|
| 20 | 19 | ad3antrrr | |- ( ( ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) /\ k e. NN ) /\ ( n e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) /\ k || n ) ) -> ( |_ ` A ) e. RR ) |
| 21 | simprr | |- ( ( ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) /\ k e. NN ) /\ ( n e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) /\ k || n ) ) -> k || n ) |
|
| 22 | nnz | |- ( k e. NN -> k e. ZZ ) |
|
| 23 | 22 | ad2antlr | |- ( ( ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) /\ k e. NN ) /\ ( n e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) /\ k || n ) ) -> k e. ZZ ) |
| 24 | dvdsle | |- ( ( k e. ZZ /\ n e. NN ) -> ( k || n -> k <_ n ) ) |
|
| 25 | 23 17 24 | syl2anc | |- ( ( ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) /\ k e. NN ) /\ ( n e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) /\ k || n ) ) -> ( k || n -> k <_ n ) ) |
| 26 | 21 25 | mpd | |- ( ( ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) /\ k e. NN ) /\ ( n e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) /\ k || n ) ) -> k <_ n ) |
| 27 | elfzle2 | |- ( n e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) -> n <_ ( |_ ` A ) ) |
|
| 28 | 27 | ad2antrl | |- ( ( ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) /\ k e. NN ) /\ ( n e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) /\ k || n ) ) -> n <_ ( |_ ` A ) ) |
| 29 | 15 18 20 26 28 | letrd | |- ( ( ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) /\ k e. NN ) /\ ( n e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) /\ k || n ) ) -> k <_ ( |_ ` A ) ) |
| 30 | 29 | expl | |- ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) -> ( ( k e. NN /\ ( n e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) /\ k || n ) ) -> k <_ ( |_ ` A ) ) ) |
| 31 | 30 | pm4.71rd | |- ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) -> ( ( k e. NN /\ ( n e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) /\ k || n ) ) <-> ( k <_ ( |_ ` A ) /\ ( k e. NN /\ ( n e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) /\ k || n ) ) ) ) ) |
| 32 | an12 | |- ( ( n e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) /\ ( k e. NN /\ k || n ) ) <-> ( k e. NN /\ ( n e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) /\ k || n ) ) ) |
|
| 33 | an21 | |- ( ( ( k e. NN /\ k <_ ( |_ ` A ) ) /\ ( n e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) /\ k || n ) ) <-> ( k <_ ( |_ ` A ) /\ ( k e. NN /\ ( n e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) /\ k || n ) ) ) ) |
|
| 34 | 31 32 33 | 3bitr4g | |- ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) -> ( ( n e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) /\ ( k e. NN /\ k || n ) ) <-> ( ( k e. NN /\ k <_ ( |_ ` A ) ) /\ ( n e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) /\ k || n ) ) ) ) |
| 35 | 13 34 | bitr4d | |- ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) -> ( ( k e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) /\ ( n e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) /\ k || n ) ) <-> ( n e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) /\ ( k e. NN /\ k || n ) ) ) ) |
| 36 | breq2 | |- ( x = n -> ( k || x <-> k || n ) ) |
|
| 37 | 36 | elrab | |- ( n e. { x e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) | k || x } <-> ( n e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) /\ k || n ) ) |
| 38 | 37 | anbi2i | |- ( ( k e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) /\ n e. { x e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) | k || x } ) <-> ( k e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) /\ ( n e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) /\ k || n ) ) ) |
| 39 | breq1 | |- ( x = k -> ( x || n <-> k || n ) ) |
|
| 40 | 39 | elrab | |- ( k e. { x e. NN | x || n } <-> ( k e. NN /\ k || n ) ) |
| 41 | 40 | anbi2i | |- ( ( n e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) /\ k e. { x e. NN | x || n } ) <-> ( n e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) /\ ( k e. NN /\ k || n ) ) ) |
| 42 | 35 38 41 | 3bitr4g | |- ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) -> ( ( k e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) /\ n e. { x e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) | k || x } ) <-> ( n e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) /\ k e. { x e. NN | x || n } ) ) ) |
| 43 | elfznn | |- ( k e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) -> k e. NN ) |
|
| 44 | 43 | adantl | |- ( ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) /\ k e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) ) -> k e. NN ) |
| 45 | vmacl | |- ( k e. NN -> ( Lam ` k ) e. RR ) |
|
| 46 | 44 45 | syl | |- ( ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) /\ k e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) ) -> ( Lam ` k ) e. RR ) |
| 47 | 46 | recnd | |- ( ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) /\ k e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) ) -> ( Lam ` k ) e. CC ) |
| 48 | 47 | adantrr | |- ( ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) /\ ( k e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) /\ n e. { x e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) | k || x } ) ) -> ( Lam ` k ) e. CC ) |
| 49 | 4 4 8 42 48 | fsumcom2 | |- ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) -> sum_ k e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) sum_ n e. { x e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) | k || x } ( Lam ` k ) = sum_ n e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) sum_ k e. { x e. NN | x || n } ( Lam ` k ) ) |
| 50 | fsumconst | |- ( ( { x e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) | k || x } e. Fin /\ ( Lam ` k ) e. CC ) -> sum_ n e. { x e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) | k || x } ( Lam ` k ) = ( ( # ` { x e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) | k || x } ) x. ( Lam ` k ) ) ) |
|
| 51 | 8 47 50 | syl2anc | |- ( ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) /\ k e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) ) -> sum_ n e. { x e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) | k || x } ( Lam ` k ) = ( ( # ` { x e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) | k || x } ) x. ( Lam ` k ) ) ) |
| 52 | fzfid | |- ( ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) /\ k e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) ) -> ( 1 ... ( |_ ` ( A / k ) ) ) e. Fin ) |
|
| 53 | simpll | |- ( ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) /\ k e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) ) -> A e. RR ) |
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| 54 | eqid | |- ( m e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` ( A / k ) ) ) |-> ( k x. m ) ) = ( m e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` ( A / k ) ) ) |-> ( k x. m ) ) |
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| 55 | 53 44 54 | dvdsflf1o | |- ( ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) /\ k e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) ) -> ( m e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` ( A / k ) ) ) |-> ( k x. m ) ) : ( 1 ... ( |_ ` ( A / k ) ) ) -1-1-onto-> { x e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) | k || x } ) |
| 56 | 52 55 | hasheqf1od | |- ( ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) /\ k e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) ) -> ( # ` ( 1 ... ( |_ ` ( A / k ) ) ) ) = ( # ` { x e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) | k || x } ) ) |
| 57 | simpl | |- ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) -> A e. RR ) |
|
| 58 | nndivre | |- ( ( A e. RR /\ k e. NN ) -> ( A / k ) e. RR ) |
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| 59 | 57 43 58 | syl2an | |- ( ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) /\ k e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) ) -> ( A / k ) e. RR ) |
| 60 | nngt0 | |- ( k e. NN -> 0 < k ) |
|
| 61 | 14 60 | jca | |- ( k e. NN -> ( k e. RR /\ 0 < k ) ) |
| 62 | 43 61 | syl | |- ( k e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) -> ( k e. RR /\ 0 < k ) ) |
| 63 | divge0 | |- ( ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) /\ ( k e. RR /\ 0 < k ) ) -> 0 <_ ( A / k ) ) |
|
| 64 | 62 63 | sylan2 | |- ( ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) /\ k e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) ) -> 0 <_ ( A / k ) ) |
| 65 | flge0nn0 | |- ( ( ( A / k ) e. RR /\ 0 <_ ( A / k ) ) -> ( |_ ` ( A / k ) ) e. NN0 ) |
|
| 66 | 59 64 65 | syl2anc | |- ( ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) /\ k e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) ) -> ( |_ ` ( A / k ) ) e. NN0 ) |
| 67 | hashfz1 | |- ( ( |_ ` ( A / k ) ) e. NN0 -> ( # ` ( 1 ... ( |_ ` ( A / k ) ) ) ) = ( |_ ` ( A / k ) ) ) |
|
| 68 | 66 67 | syl | |- ( ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) /\ k e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) ) -> ( # ` ( 1 ... ( |_ ` ( A / k ) ) ) ) = ( |_ ` ( A / k ) ) ) |
| 69 | 56 68 | eqtr3d | |- ( ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) /\ k e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) ) -> ( # ` { x e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) | k || x } ) = ( |_ ` ( A / k ) ) ) |
| 70 | 69 | oveq1d | |- ( ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) /\ k e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) ) -> ( ( # ` { x e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) | k || x } ) x. ( Lam ` k ) ) = ( ( |_ ` ( A / k ) ) x. ( Lam ` k ) ) ) |
| 71 | 59 | flcld | |- ( ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) /\ k e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) ) -> ( |_ ` ( A / k ) ) e. ZZ ) |
| 72 | 71 | zcnd | |- ( ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) /\ k e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) ) -> ( |_ ` ( A / k ) ) e. CC ) |
| 73 | 72 47 | mulcomd | |- ( ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) /\ k e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) ) -> ( ( |_ ` ( A / k ) ) x. ( Lam ` k ) ) = ( ( Lam ` k ) x. ( |_ ` ( A / k ) ) ) ) |
| 74 | 51 70 73 | 3eqtrd | |- ( ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) /\ k e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) ) -> sum_ n e. { x e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) | k || x } ( Lam ` k ) = ( ( Lam ` k ) x. ( |_ ` ( A / k ) ) ) ) |
| 75 | 74 | sumeq2dv | |- ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) -> sum_ k e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) sum_ n e. { x e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) | k || x } ( Lam ` k ) = sum_ k e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) ( ( Lam ` k ) x. ( |_ ` ( A / k ) ) ) ) |
| 76 | 16 | adantl | |- ( ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) /\ n e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) ) -> n e. NN ) |
| 77 | vmasum | |- ( n e. NN -> sum_ k e. { x e. NN | x || n } ( Lam ` k ) = ( log ` n ) ) |
|
| 78 | 76 77 | syl | |- ( ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) /\ n e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) ) -> sum_ k e. { x e. NN | x || n } ( Lam ` k ) = ( log ` n ) ) |
| 79 | 78 | sumeq2dv | |- ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) -> sum_ n e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) sum_ k e. { x e. NN | x || n } ( Lam ` k ) = sum_ n e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) ( log ` n ) ) |
| 80 | 49 75 79 | 3eqtr3d | |- ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) -> sum_ k e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) ( ( Lam ` k ) x. ( |_ ` ( A / k ) ) ) = sum_ n e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) ( log ` n ) ) |
| 81 | 3 80 | eqtr4d | |- ( ( A e. RR /\ 0 <_ A ) -> ( log ` ( ! ` ( |_ ` A ) ) ) = sum_ k e. ( 1 ... ( |_ ` A ) ) ( ( Lam ` k ) x. ( |_ ` ( A / k ) ) ) ) |