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Description: The Chebyshev bound, part 2: The function ppi ( x ) is eventually upper bounded by a positive constant times x / log ( x ) . Alternatively stated, the function ppi ( x ) / ( x / log ( x ) ) is eventually bounded. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 22-Sep-2014)
| Ref | Expression | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Assertion | chebbnd2 | |- ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( ( ppi ` x ) / ( x / ( log ` x ) ) ) ) e. O(1) |
| Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ovexd | |- ( T. -> ( 2 [,) +oo ) e. _V ) |
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| 2 | ovexd | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( ( theta ` x ) / x ) e. _V ) |
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| 3 | ovexd | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( ( ( ppi ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / ( theta ` x ) ) e. _V ) |
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| 4 | eqidd | |- ( T. -> ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( ( theta ` x ) / x ) ) = ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( ( theta ` x ) / x ) ) ) |
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| 5 | simpr | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) |
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| 6 | 2re | |- 2 e. RR |
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| 7 | elicopnf | |- ( 2 e. RR -> ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) <-> ( x e. RR /\ 2 <_ x ) ) ) |
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| 8 | 6 7 | ax-mp | |- ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) <-> ( x e. RR /\ 2 <_ x ) ) |
| 9 | 5 8 | sylib | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( x e. RR /\ 2 <_ x ) ) |
| 10 | chtrpcl | |- ( ( x e. RR /\ 2 <_ x ) -> ( theta ` x ) e. RR+ ) |
|
| 11 | 9 10 | syl | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( theta ` x ) e. RR+ ) |
| 12 | 11 | rpcnne0d | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( ( theta ` x ) e. CC /\ ( theta ` x ) =/= 0 ) ) |
| 13 | ppinncl | |- ( ( x e. RR /\ 2 <_ x ) -> ( ppi ` x ) e. NN ) |
|
| 14 | 9 13 | syl | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( ppi ` x ) e. NN ) |
| 15 | 14 | nnrpd | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( ppi ` x ) e. RR+ ) |
| 16 | 9 | simpld | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> x e. RR ) |
| 17 | 1red | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> 1 e. RR ) |
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| 18 | 6 | a1i | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> 2 e. RR ) |
| 19 | 1lt2 | |- 1 < 2 |
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| 20 | 19 | a1i | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> 1 < 2 ) |
| 21 | 9 | simprd | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> 2 <_ x ) |
| 22 | 17 18 16 20 21 | ltletrd | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> 1 < x ) |
| 23 | 16 22 | rplogcld | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( log ` x ) e. RR+ ) |
| 24 | 15 23 | rpmulcld | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( ( ppi ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) e. RR+ ) |
| 25 | 24 | rpcnne0d | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( ( ( ppi ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) e. CC /\ ( ( ppi ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) =/= 0 ) ) |
| 26 | recdiv | |- ( ( ( ( theta ` x ) e. CC /\ ( theta ` x ) =/= 0 ) /\ ( ( ( ppi ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) e. CC /\ ( ( ppi ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) =/= 0 ) ) -> ( 1 / ( ( theta ` x ) / ( ( ppi ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) ) ) = ( ( ( ppi ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / ( theta ` x ) ) ) |
|
| 27 | 12 25 26 | syl2anc | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( 1 / ( ( theta ` x ) / ( ( ppi ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) ) ) = ( ( ( ppi ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / ( theta ` x ) ) ) |
| 28 | 27 | mpteq2dva | |- ( T. -> ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( 1 / ( ( theta ` x ) / ( ( ppi ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) ) ) ) = ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( ( ( ppi ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / ( theta ` x ) ) ) ) |
| 29 | 1 2 3 4 28 | offval2 | |- ( T. -> ( ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( ( theta ` x ) / x ) ) oF x. ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( 1 / ( ( theta ` x ) / ( ( ppi ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) ) ) ) ) = ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( ( ( theta ` x ) / x ) x. ( ( ( ppi ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / ( theta ` x ) ) ) ) ) |
| 30 | 0red | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> 0 e. RR ) |
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| 31 | 2pos | |- 0 < 2 |
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| 32 | 31 | a1i | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> 0 < 2 ) |
| 33 | 30 18 16 32 21 | ltletrd | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> 0 < x ) |
| 34 | 16 33 | elrpd | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> x e. RR+ ) |
| 35 | 34 | rpcnne0d | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( x e. CC /\ x =/= 0 ) ) |
| 36 | 24 | rpcnd | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( ( ppi ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) e. CC ) |
| 37 | dmdcan | |- ( ( ( ( theta ` x ) e. CC /\ ( theta ` x ) =/= 0 ) /\ ( x e. CC /\ x =/= 0 ) /\ ( ( ppi ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) e. CC ) -> ( ( ( theta ` x ) / x ) x. ( ( ( ppi ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / ( theta ` x ) ) ) = ( ( ( ppi ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / x ) ) |
|
| 38 | 12 35 36 37 | syl3anc | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( ( ( theta ` x ) / x ) x. ( ( ( ppi ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / ( theta ` x ) ) ) = ( ( ( ppi ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / x ) ) |
| 39 | 15 | rpcnd | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( ppi ` x ) e. CC ) |
| 40 | 23 | rpcnne0d | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( ( log ` x ) e. CC /\ ( log ` x ) =/= 0 ) ) |
| 41 | divdiv2 | |- ( ( ( ppi ` x ) e. CC /\ ( x e. CC /\ x =/= 0 ) /\ ( ( log ` x ) e. CC /\ ( log ` x ) =/= 0 ) ) -> ( ( ppi ` x ) / ( x / ( log ` x ) ) ) = ( ( ( ppi ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / x ) ) |
|
| 42 | 39 35 40 41 | syl3anc | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( ( ppi ` x ) / ( x / ( log ` x ) ) ) = ( ( ( ppi ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / x ) ) |
| 43 | 38 42 | eqtr4d | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( ( ( theta ` x ) / x ) x. ( ( ( ppi ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / ( theta ` x ) ) ) = ( ( ppi ` x ) / ( x / ( log ` x ) ) ) ) |
| 44 | 43 | mpteq2dva | |- ( T. -> ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( ( ( theta ` x ) / x ) x. ( ( ( ppi ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) / ( theta ` x ) ) ) ) = ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( ( ppi ` x ) / ( x / ( log ` x ) ) ) ) ) |
| 45 | 29 44 | eqtrd | |- ( T. -> ( ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( ( theta ` x ) / x ) ) oF x. ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( 1 / ( ( theta ` x ) / ( ( ppi ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) ) ) ) ) = ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( ( ppi ` x ) / ( x / ( log ` x ) ) ) ) ) |
| 46 | 34 | ex | |- ( T. -> ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) -> x e. RR+ ) ) |
| 47 | 46 | ssrdv | |- ( T. -> ( 2 [,) +oo ) C_ RR+ ) |
| 48 | chto1ub | |- ( x e. RR+ |-> ( ( theta ` x ) / x ) ) e. O(1) |
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| 49 | 48 | a1i | |- ( T. -> ( x e. RR+ |-> ( ( theta ` x ) / x ) ) e. O(1) ) |
| 50 | 47 49 | o1res2 | |- ( T. -> ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( ( theta ` x ) / x ) ) e. O(1) ) |
| 51 | ax-1cn | |- 1 e. CC |
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| 52 | 51 | a1i | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> 1 e. CC ) |
| 53 | 11 24 | rpdivcld | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( ( theta ` x ) / ( ( ppi ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) ) e. RR+ ) |
| 54 | 53 | rpcnd | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( ( theta ` x ) / ( ( ppi ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) ) e. CC ) |
| 55 | pnfxr | |- +oo e. RR* |
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| 56 | icossre | |- ( ( 2 e. RR /\ +oo e. RR* ) -> ( 2 [,) +oo ) C_ RR ) |
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| 57 | 6 55 56 | mp2an | |- ( 2 [,) +oo ) C_ RR |
| 58 | rlimconst | |- ( ( ( 2 [,) +oo ) C_ RR /\ 1 e. CC ) -> ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> 1 ) ~~>r 1 ) |
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| 59 | 57 51 58 | mp2an | |- ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> 1 ) ~~>r 1 |
| 60 | 59 | a1i | |- ( T. -> ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> 1 ) ~~>r 1 ) |
| 61 | chtppilim | |- ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( ( theta ` x ) / ( ( ppi ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) ) ) ~~>r 1 |
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| 62 | 61 | a1i | |- ( T. -> ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( ( theta ` x ) / ( ( ppi ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) ) ) ~~>r 1 ) |
| 63 | ax-1ne0 | |- 1 =/= 0 |
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| 64 | 63 | a1i | |- ( T. -> 1 =/= 0 ) |
| 65 | 53 | rpne0d | |- ( ( T. /\ x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) ) -> ( ( theta ` x ) / ( ( ppi ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) ) =/= 0 ) |
| 66 | 52 54 60 62 64 65 | rlimdiv | |- ( T. -> ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( 1 / ( ( theta ` x ) / ( ( ppi ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) ) ) ) ~~>r ( 1 / 1 ) ) |
| 67 | rlimo1 | |- ( ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( 1 / ( ( theta ` x ) / ( ( ppi ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) ) ) ) ~~>r ( 1 / 1 ) -> ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( 1 / ( ( theta ` x ) / ( ( ppi ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) ) ) ) e. O(1) ) |
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| 68 | 66 67 | syl | |- ( T. -> ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( 1 / ( ( theta ` x ) / ( ( ppi ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) ) ) ) e. O(1) ) |
| 69 | o1mul | |- ( ( ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( ( theta ` x ) / x ) ) e. O(1) /\ ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( 1 / ( ( theta ` x ) / ( ( ppi ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) ) ) ) e. O(1) ) -> ( ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( ( theta ` x ) / x ) ) oF x. ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( 1 / ( ( theta ` x ) / ( ( ppi ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) ) ) ) ) e. O(1) ) |
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| 70 | 50 68 69 | syl2anc | |- ( T. -> ( ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( ( theta ` x ) / x ) ) oF x. ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( 1 / ( ( theta ` x ) / ( ( ppi ` x ) x. ( log ` x ) ) ) ) ) ) e. O(1) ) |
| 71 | 45 70 | eqeltrrd | |- ( T. -> ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( ( ppi ` x ) / ( x / ( log ` x ) ) ) ) e. O(1) ) |
| 72 | 71 | mptru | |- ( x e. ( 2 [,) +oo ) |-> ( ( ppi ` x ) / ( x / ( log ` x ) ) ) ) e. O(1) |