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Description: The Chebyshev bound, part 2: The function ppi ( x ) is eventually upper bounded by a positive constant times x / log ( x ) . Alternatively stated, the function ppi ( x ) / ( x / log ( x ) ) is eventually bounded. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 22-Sep-2014)
| Ref | Expression | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Assertion | chebbnd2 | ⊢ ( 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ↦ ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) / ( 𝑥 / ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) ) ) ∈ 𝑂(1) |
| Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ovexd | ⊢ ( ⊤ → ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ∈ V ) | |
| 2 | ovexd | ⊢ ( ( ⊤ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ) → ( ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) / 𝑥 ) ∈ V ) | |
| 3 | ovexd | ⊢ ( ( ⊤ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ) → ( ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) · ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) / ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) ) ∈ V ) | |
| 4 | eqidd | ⊢ ( ⊤ → ( 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ↦ ( ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) / 𝑥 ) ) = ( 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ↦ ( ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) / 𝑥 ) ) ) | |
| 5 | simpr | ⊢ ( ( ⊤ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ) → 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ) | |
| 6 | 2re | ⊢ 2 ∈ ℝ | |
| 7 | elicopnf | ⊢ ( 2 ∈ ℝ → ( 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ↔ ( 𝑥 ∈ ℝ ∧ 2 ≤ 𝑥 ) ) ) | |
| 8 | 6 7 | ax-mp | ⊢ ( 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ↔ ( 𝑥 ∈ ℝ ∧ 2 ≤ 𝑥 ) ) |
| 9 | 5 8 | sylib | ⊢ ( ( ⊤ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ) → ( 𝑥 ∈ ℝ ∧ 2 ≤ 𝑥 ) ) |
| 10 | chtrpcl | ⊢ ( ( 𝑥 ∈ ℝ ∧ 2 ≤ 𝑥 ) → ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) ∈ ℝ+ ) | |
| 11 | 9 10 | syl | ⊢ ( ( ⊤ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ) → ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) ∈ ℝ+ ) |
| 12 | 11 | rpcnne0d | ⊢ ( ( ⊤ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ) → ( ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) ∈ ℂ ∧ ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) ≠ 0 ) ) |
| 13 | ppinncl | ⊢ ( ( 𝑥 ∈ ℝ ∧ 2 ≤ 𝑥 ) → ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) ∈ ℕ ) | |
| 14 | 9 13 | syl | ⊢ ( ( ⊤ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ) → ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) ∈ ℕ ) |
| 15 | 14 | nnrpd | ⊢ ( ( ⊤ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ) → ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) ∈ ℝ+ ) |
| 16 | 9 | simpld | ⊢ ( ( ⊤ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ) → 𝑥 ∈ ℝ ) |
| 17 | 1red | ⊢ ( ( ⊤ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ) → 1 ∈ ℝ ) | |
| 18 | 6 | a1i | ⊢ ( ( ⊤ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ) → 2 ∈ ℝ ) |
| 19 | 1lt2 | ⊢ 1 < 2 | |
| 20 | 19 | a1i | ⊢ ( ( ⊤ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ) → 1 < 2 ) |
| 21 | 9 | simprd | ⊢ ( ( ⊤ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ) → 2 ≤ 𝑥 ) |
| 22 | 17 18 16 20 21 | ltletrd | ⊢ ( ( ⊤ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ) → 1 < 𝑥 ) |
| 23 | 16 22 | rplogcld | ⊢ ( ( ⊤ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ) → ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ∈ ℝ+ ) |
| 24 | 15 23 | rpmulcld | ⊢ ( ( ⊤ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ) → ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) · ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) ∈ ℝ+ ) |
| 25 | 24 | rpcnne0d | ⊢ ( ( ⊤ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ) → ( ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) · ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) ∈ ℂ ∧ ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) · ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) ≠ 0 ) ) |
| 26 | recdiv | ⊢ ( ( ( ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) ∈ ℂ ∧ ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) ≠ 0 ) ∧ ( ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) · ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) ∈ ℂ ∧ ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) · ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) ≠ 0 ) ) → ( 1 / ( ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) / ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) · ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) ) ) = ( ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) · ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) / ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) ) ) | |
| 27 | 12 25 26 | syl2anc | ⊢ ( ( ⊤ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ) → ( 1 / ( ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) / ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) · ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) ) ) = ( ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) · ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) / ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) ) ) |
| 28 | 27 | mpteq2dva | ⊢ ( ⊤ → ( 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ↦ ( 1 / ( ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) / ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) · ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) ) ) ) = ( 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ↦ ( ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) · ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) / ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) ) ) ) |
| 29 | 1 2 3 4 28 | offval2 | ⊢ ( ⊤ → ( ( 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ↦ ( ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) / 𝑥 ) ) ∘f · ( 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ↦ ( 1 / ( ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) / ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) · ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) ) ) ) ) = ( 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ↦ ( ( ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) / 𝑥 ) · ( ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) · ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) / ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) ) ) ) ) |
| 30 | 0red | ⊢ ( ( ⊤ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ) → 0 ∈ ℝ ) | |
| 31 | 2pos | ⊢ 0 < 2 | |
| 32 | 31 | a1i | ⊢ ( ( ⊤ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ) → 0 < 2 ) |
| 33 | 30 18 16 32 21 | ltletrd | ⊢ ( ( ⊤ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ) → 0 < 𝑥 ) |
| 34 | 16 33 | elrpd | ⊢ ( ( ⊤ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ) → 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) |
| 35 | 34 | rpcnne0d | ⊢ ( ( ⊤ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ) → ( 𝑥 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ≠ 0 ) ) |
| 36 | 24 | rpcnd | ⊢ ( ( ⊤ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ) → ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) · ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) ∈ ℂ ) |
| 37 | dmdcan | ⊢ ( ( ( ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) ∈ ℂ ∧ ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) ≠ 0 ) ∧ ( 𝑥 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ≠ 0 ) ∧ ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) · ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) ∈ ℂ ) → ( ( ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) / 𝑥 ) · ( ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) · ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) / ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) ) ) = ( ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) · ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) / 𝑥 ) ) | |
| 38 | 12 35 36 37 | syl3anc | ⊢ ( ( ⊤ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ) → ( ( ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) / 𝑥 ) · ( ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) · ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) / ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) ) ) = ( ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) · ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) / 𝑥 ) ) |
| 39 | 15 | rpcnd | ⊢ ( ( ⊤ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ) → ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) ∈ ℂ ) |
| 40 | 23 | rpcnne0d | ⊢ ( ( ⊤ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ) → ( ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ∈ ℂ ∧ ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ≠ 0 ) ) |
| 41 | divdiv2 | ⊢ ( ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) ∈ ℂ ∧ ( 𝑥 ∈ ℂ ∧ 𝑥 ≠ 0 ) ∧ ( ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ∈ ℂ ∧ ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ≠ 0 ) ) → ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) / ( 𝑥 / ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) ) = ( ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) · ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) / 𝑥 ) ) | |
| 42 | 39 35 40 41 | syl3anc | ⊢ ( ( ⊤ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ) → ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) / ( 𝑥 / ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) ) = ( ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) · ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) / 𝑥 ) ) |
| 43 | 38 42 | eqtr4d | ⊢ ( ( ⊤ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ) → ( ( ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) / 𝑥 ) · ( ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) · ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) / ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) ) ) = ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) / ( 𝑥 / ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) ) ) |
| 44 | 43 | mpteq2dva | ⊢ ( ⊤ → ( 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ↦ ( ( ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) / 𝑥 ) · ( ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) · ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) / ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) ) ) ) = ( 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ↦ ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) / ( 𝑥 / ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) ) ) ) |
| 45 | 29 44 | eqtrd | ⊢ ( ⊤ → ( ( 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ↦ ( ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) / 𝑥 ) ) ∘f · ( 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ↦ ( 1 / ( ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) / ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) · ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) ) ) ) ) = ( 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ↦ ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) / ( 𝑥 / ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) ) ) ) |
| 46 | 34 | ex | ⊢ ( ⊤ → ( 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) → 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) ) |
| 47 | 46 | ssrdv | ⊢ ( ⊤ → ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ⊆ ℝ+ ) |
| 48 | chto1ub | ⊢ ( 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ↦ ( ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) / 𝑥 ) ) ∈ 𝑂(1) | |
| 49 | 48 | a1i | ⊢ ( ⊤ → ( 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ↦ ( ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) / 𝑥 ) ) ∈ 𝑂(1) ) |
| 50 | 47 49 | o1res2 | ⊢ ( ⊤ → ( 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ↦ ( ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) / 𝑥 ) ) ∈ 𝑂(1) ) |
| 51 | ax-1cn | ⊢ 1 ∈ ℂ | |
| 52 | 51 | a1i | ⊢ ( ( ⊤ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ) → 1 ∈ ℂ ) |
| 53 | 11 24 | rpdivcld | ⊢ ( ( ⊤ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ) → ( ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) / ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) · ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) ) ∈ ℝ+ ) |
| 54 | 53 | rpcnd | ⊢ ( ( ⊤ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ) → ( ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) / ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) · ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) ) ∈ ℂ ) |
| 55 | pnfxr | ⊢ +∞ ∈ ℝ* | |
| 56 | icossre | ⊢ ( ( 2 ∈ ℝ ∧ +∞ ∈ ℝ* ) → ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ⊆ ℝ ) | |
| 57 | 6 55 56 | mp2an | ⊢ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ⊆ ℝ |
| 58 | rlimconst | ⊢ ( ( ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ⊆ ℝ ∧ 1 ∈ ℂ ) → ( 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ↦ 1 ) ⇝𝑟 1 ) | |
| 59 | 57 51 58 | mp2an | ⊢ ( 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ↦ 1 ) ⇝𝑟 1 |
| 60 | 59 | a1i | ⊢ ( ⊤ → ( 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ↦ 1 ) ⇝𝑟 1 ) |
| 61 | chtppilim | ⊢ ( 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ↦ ( ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) / ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) · ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) ) ) ⇝𝑟 1 | |
| 62 | 61 | a1i | ⊢ ( ⊤ → ( 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ↦ ( ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) / ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) · ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) ) ) ⇝𝑟 1 ) |
| 63 | ax-1ne0 | ⊢ 1 ≠ 0 | |
| 64 | 63 | a1i | ⊢ ( ⊤ → 1 ≠ 0 ) |
| 65 | 53 | rpne0d | ⊢ ( ( ⊤ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ) → ( ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) / ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) · ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) ) ≠ 0 ) |
| 66 | 52 54 60 62 64 65 | rlimdiv | ⊢ ( ⊤ → ( 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ↦ ( 1 / ( ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) / ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) · ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) ) ) ) ⇝𝑟 ( 1 / 1 ) ) |
| 67 | rlimo1 | ⊢ ( ( 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ↦ ( 1 / ( ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) / ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) · ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) ) ) ) ⇝𝑟 ( 1 / 1 ) → ( 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ↦ ( 1 / ( ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) / ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) · ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) ) ) ) ∈ 𝑂(1) ) | |
| 68 | 66 67 | syl | ⊢ ( ⊤ → ( 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ↦ ( 1 / ( ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) / ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) · ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) ) ) ) ∈ 𝑂(1) ) |
| 69 | o1mul | ⊢ ( ( ( 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ↦ ( ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) / 𝑥 ) ) ∈ 𝑂(1) ∧ ( 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ↦ ( 1 / ( ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) / ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) · ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) ) ) ) ∈ 𝑂(1) ) → ( ( 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ↦ ( ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) / 𝑥 ) ) ∘f · ( 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ↦ ( 1 / ( ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) / ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) · ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) ) ) ) ) ∈ 𝑂(1) ) | |
| 70 | 50 68 69 | syl2anc | ⊢ ( ⊤ → ( ( 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ↦ ( ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) / 𝑥 ) ) ∘f · ( 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ↦ ( 1 / ( ( θ ‘ 𝑥 ) / ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) · ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) ) ) ) ) ∈ 𝑂(1) ) |
| 71 | 45 70 | eqeltrrd | ⊢ ( ⊤ → ( 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ↦ ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) / ( 𝑥 / ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) ) ) ∈ 𝑂(1) ) |
| 72 | 71 | mptru | ⊢ ( 𝑥 ∈ ( 2 [,) +∞ ) ↦ ( ( π ‘ 𝑥 ) / ( 𝑥 / ( log ‘ 𝑥 ) ) ) ) ∈ 𝑂(1) |