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Description: Parallel summation (Christmas Stocking) theorem for Pascal's Triangle. (Contributed by Paul Chapman, 18-May-2007) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 24-Apr-2014)
| Ref | Expression | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Assertion | bcxmas | |- ( ( N e. NN0 /\ M e. NN0 ) -> ( ( ( N + 1 ) + M ) _C M ) = sum_ j e. ( 0 ... M ) ( ( N + j ) _C j ) ) |
| Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bcxmaslem1 | |- ( m = 0 -> ( ( ( N + 1 ) + m ) _C m ) = ( ( ( N + 1 ) + 0 ) _C 0 ) ) |
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| 2 | oveq2 | |- ( m = 0 -> ( 0 ... m ) = ( 0 ... 0 ) ) |
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| 3 | 2 | sumeq1d | |- ( m = 0 -> sum_ j e. ( 0 ... m ) ( ( N + j ) _C j ) = sum_ j e. ( 0 ... 0 ) ( ( N + j ) _C j ) ) |
| 4 | 1 3 | eqeq12d | |- ( m = 0 -> ( ( ( ( N + 1 ) + m ) _C m ) = sum_ j e. ( 0 ... m ) ( ( N + j ) _C j ) <-> ( ( ( N + 1 ) + 0 ) _C 0 ) = sum_ j e. ( 0 ... 0 ) ( ( N + j ) _C j ) ) ) |
| 5 | bcxmaslem1 | |- ( m = k -> ( ( ( N + 1 ) + m ) _C m ) = ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C k ) ) |
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| 6 | oveq2 | |- ( m = k -> ( 0 ... m ) = ( 0 ... k ) ) |
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| 7 | 6 | sumeq1d | |- ( m = k -> sum_ j e. ( 0 ... m ) ( ( N + j ) _C j ) = sum_ j e. ( 0 ... k ) ( ( N + j ) _C j ) ) |
| 8 | 5 7 | eqeq12d | |- ( m = k -> ( ( ( ( N + 1 ) + m ) _C m ) = sum_ j e. ( 0 ... m ) ( ( N + j ) _C j ) <-> ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C k ) = sum_ j e. ( 0 ... k ) ( ( N + j ) _C j ) ) ) |
| 9 | bcxmaslem1 | |- ( m = ( k + 1 ) -> ( ( ( N + 1 ) + m ) _C m ) = ( ( ( N + 1 ) + ( k + 1 ) ) _C ( k + 1 ) ) ) |
|
| 10 | oveq2 | |- ( m = ( k + 1 ) -> ( 0 ... m ) = ( 0 ... ( k + 1 ) ) ) |
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| 11 | 10 | sumeq1d | |- ( m = ( k + 1 ) -> sum_ j e. ( 0 ... m ) ( ( N + j ) _C j ) = sum_ j e. ( 0 ... ( k + 1 ) ) ( ( N + j ) _C j ) ) |
| 12 | 9 11 | eqeq12d | |- ( m = ( k + 1 ) -> ( ( ( ( N + 1 ) + m ) _C m ) = sum_ j e. ( 0 ... m ) ( ( N + j ) _C j ) <-> ( ( ( N + 1 ) + ( k + 1 ) ) _C ( k + 1 ) ) = sum_ j e. ( 0 ... ( k + 1 ) ) ( ( N + j ) _C j ) ) ) |
| 13 | bcxmaslem1 | |- ( m = M -> ( ( ( N + 1 ) + m ) _C m ) = ( ( ( N + 1 ) + M ) _C M ) ) |
|
| 14 | oveq2 | |- ( m = M -> ( 0 ... m ) = ( 0 ... M ) ) |
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| 15 | 14 | sumeq1d | |- ( m = M -> sum_ j e. ( 0 ... m ) ( ( N + j ) _C j ) = sum_ j e. ( 0 ... M ) ( ( N + j ) _C j ) ) |
| 16 | 13 15 | eqeq12d | |- ( m = M -> ( ( ( ( N + 1 ) + m ) _C m ) = sum_ j e. ( 0 ... m ) ( ( N + j ) _C j ) <-> ( ( ( N + 1 ) + M ) _C M ) = sum_ j e. ( 0 ... M ) ( ( N + j ) _C j ) ) ) |
| 17 | 0nn0 | |- 0 e. NN0 |
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| 18 | nn0addcl | |- ( ( N e. NN0 /\ 0 e. NN0 ) -> ( N + 0 ) e. NN0 ) |
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| 19 | bcn0 | |- ( ( N + 0 ) e. NN0 -> ( ( N + 0 ) _C 0 ) = 1 ) |
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| 20 | 18 19 | syl | |- ( ( N e. NN0 /\ 0 e. NN0 ) -> ( ( N + 0 ) _C 0 ) = 1 ) |
| 21 | 17 20 | mpan2 | |- ( N e. NN0 -> ( ( N + 0 ) _C 0 ) = 1 ) |
| 22 | 0z | |- 0 e. ZZ |
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| 23 | 1nn0 | |- 1 e. NN0 |
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| 24 | 21 23 | eqeltrdi | |- ( N e. NN0 -> ( ( N + 0 ) _C 0 ) e. NN0 ) |
| 25 | 24 | nn0cnd | |- ( N e. NN0 -> ( ( N + 0 ) _C 0 ) e. CC ) |
| 26 | bcxmaslem1 | |- ( j = 0 -> ( ( N + j ) _C j ) = ( ( N + 0 ) _C 0 ) ) |
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| 27 | 26 | fsum1 | |- ( ( 0 e. ZZ /\ ( ( N + 0 ) _C 0 ) e. CC ) -> sum_ j e. ( 0 ... 0 ) ( ( N + j ) _C j ) = ( ( N + 0 ) _C 0 ) ) |
| 28 | 22 25 27 | sylancr | |- ( N e. NN0 -> sum_ j e. ( 0 ... 0 ) ( ( N + j ) _C j ) = ( ( N + 0 ) _C 0 ) ) |
| 29 | peano2nn0 | |- ( N e. NN0 -> ( N + 1 ) e. NN0 ) |
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| 30 | nn0addcl | |- ( ( ( N + 1 ) e. NN0 /\ 0 e. NN0 ) -> ( ( N + 1 ) + 0 ) e. NN0 ) |
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| 31 | 29 17 30 | sylancl | |- ( N e. NN0 -> ( ( N + 1 ) + 0 ) e. NN0 ) |
| 32 | bcn0 | |- ( ( ( N + 1 ) + 0 ) e. NN0 -> ( ( ( N + 1 ) + 0 ) _C 0 ) = 1 ) |
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| 33 | 31 32 | syl | |- ( N e. NN0 -> ( ( ( N + 1 ) + 0 ) _C 0 ) = 1 ) |
| 34 | 21 28 33 | 3eqtr4rd | |- ( N e. NN0 -> ( ( ( N + 1 ) + 0 ) _C 0 ) = sum_ j e. ( 0 ... 0 ) ( ( N + j ) _C j ) ) |
| 35 | elnn0uz | |- ( k e. NN0 <-> k e. ( ZZ>= ` 0 ) ) |
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| 36 | 35 | bilani | |- ( ( N e. NN0 /\ k e. NN0 ) -> k e. ( ZZ>= ` 0 ) ) |
| 37 | simpl | |- ( ( N e. NN0 /\ k e. NN0 ) -> N e. NN0 ) |
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| 38 | elfznn0 | |- ( j e. ( 0 ... ( k + 1 ) ) -> j e. NN0 ) |
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| 39 | nn0addcl | |- ( ( N e. NN0 /\ j e. NN0 ) -> ( N + j ) e. NN0 ) |
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| 40 | 37 38 39 | syl2an | |- ( ( ( N e. NN0 /\ k e. NN0 ) /\ j e. ( 0 ... ( k + 1 ) ) ) -> ( N + j ) e. NN0 ) |
| 41 | elfzelz | |- ( j e. ( 0 ... ( k + 1 ) ) -> j e. ZZ ) |
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| 42 | 41 | adantl | |- ( ( ( N e. NN0 /\ k e. NN0 ) /\ j e. ( 0 ... ( k + 1 ) ) ) -> j e. ZZ ) |
| 43 | bccl | |- ( ( ( N + j ) e. NN0 /\ j e. ZZ ) -> ( ( N + j ) _C j ) e. NN0 ) |
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| 44 | 40 42 43 | syl2anc | |- ( ( ( N e. NN0 /\ k e. NN0 ) /\ j e. ( 0 ... ( k + 1 ) ) ) -> ( ( N + j ) _C j ) e. NN0 ) |
| 45 | 44 | nn0cnd | |- ( ( ( N e. NN0 /\ k e. NN0 ) /\ j e. ( 0 ... ( k + 1 ) ) ) -> ( ( N + j ) _C j ) e. CC ) |
| 46 | bcxmaslem1 | |- ( j = ( k + 1 ) -> ( ( N + j ) _C j ) = ( ( N + ( k + 1 ) ) _C ( k + 1 ) ) ) |
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| 47 | 36 45 46 | fsump1 | |- ( ( N e. NN0 /\ k e. NN0 ) -> sum_ j e. ( 0 ... ( k + 1 ) ) ( ( N + j ) _C j ) = ( sum_ j e. ( 0 ... k ) ( ( N + j ) _C j ) + ( ( N + ( k + 1 ) ) _C ( k + 1 ) ) ) ) |
| 48 | nn0cn | |- ( N e. NN0 -> N e. CC ) |
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| 49 | 48 | adantr | |- ( ( N e. NN0 /\ k e. NN0 ) -> N e. CC ) |
| 50 | nn0cn | |- ( k e. NN0 -> k e. CC ) |
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| 51 | 50 | adantl | |- ( ( N e. NN0 /\ k e. NN0 ) -> k e. CC ) |
| 52 | 1cnd | |- ( ( N e. NN0 /\ k e. NN0 ) -> 1 e. CC ) |
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| 53 | add32r | |- ( ( N e. CC /\ k e. CC /\ 1 e. CC ) -> ( N + ( k + 1 ) ) = ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) ) |
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| 54 | 49 51 52 53 | syl3anc | |- ( ( N e. NN0 /\ k e. NN0 ) -> ( N + ( k + 1 ) ) = ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) ) |
| 55 | 54 | oveq1d | |- ( ( N e. NN0 /\ k e. NN0 ) -> ( ( N + ( k + 1 ) ) _C ( k + 1 ) ) = ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C ( k + 1 ) ) ) |
| 56 | 55 | oveq2d | |- ( ( N e. NN0 /\ k e. NN0 ) -> ( sum_ j e. ( 0 ... k ) ( ( N + j ) _C j ) + ( ( N + ( k + 1 ) ) _C ( k + 1 ) ) ) = ( sum_ j e. ( 0 ... k ) ( ( N + j ) _C j ) + ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C ( k + 1 ) ) ) ) |
| 57 | 47 56 | eqtrd | |- ( ( N e. NN0 /\ k e. NN0 ) -> sum_ j e. ( 0 ... ( k + 1 ) ) ( ( N + j ) _C j ) = ( sum_ j e. ( 0 ... k ) ( ( N + j ) _C j ) + ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C ( k + 1 ) ) ) ) |
| 58 | 57 | adantr | |- ( ( ( N e. NN0 /\ k e. NN0 ) /\ ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C k ) = sum_ j e. ( 0 ... k ) ( ( N + j ) _C j ) ) -> sum_ j e. ( 0 ... ( k + 1 ) ) ( ( N + j ) _C j ) = ( sum_ j e. ( 0 ... k ) ( ( N + j ) _C j ) + ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C ( k + 1 ) ) ) ) |
| 59 | oveq1 | |- ( ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C k ) = sum_ j e. ( 0 ... k ) ( ( N + j ) _C j ) -> ( ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C k ) + ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C ( k + 1 ) ) ) = ( sum_ j e. ( 0 ... k ) ( ( N + j ) _C j ) + ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C ( k + 1 ) ) ) ) |
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| 60 | 59 | adantl | |- ( ( ( N e. NN0 /\ k e. NN0 ) /\ ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C k ) = sum_ j e. ( 0 ... k ) ( ( N + j ) _C j ) ) -> ( ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C k ) + ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C ( k + 1 ) ) ) = ( sum_ j e. ( 0 ... k ) ( ( N + j ) _C j ) + ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C ( k + 1 ) ) ) ) |
| 61 | ax-1cn | |- 1 e. CC |
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| 62 | pncan | |- ( ( k e. CC /\ 1 e. CC ) -> ( ( k + 1 ) - 1 ) = k ) |
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| 63 | 51 61 62 | sylancl | |- ( ( N e. NN0 /\ k e. NN0 ) -> ( ( k + 1 ) - 1 ) = k ) |
| 64 | 63 | oveq2d | |- ( ( N e. NN0 /\ k e. NN0 ) -> ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C ( ( k + 1 ) - 1 ) ) = ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C k ) ) |
| 65 | 64 | oveq2d | |- ( ( N e. NN0 /\ k e. NN0 ) -> ( ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C ( k + 1 ) ) + ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C ( ( k + 1 ) - 1 ) ) ) = ( ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C ( k + 1 ) ) + ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C k ) ) ) |
| 66 | nn0addcl | |- ( ( ( N + 1 ) e. NN0 /\ k e. NN0 ) -> ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) e. NN0 ) |
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| 67 | 29 66 | sylan | |- ( ( N e. NN0 /\ k e. NN0 ) -> ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) e. NN0 ) |
| 68 | nn0p1nn | |- ( k e. NN0 -> ( k + 1 ) e. NN ) |
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| 69 | 68 | adantl | |- ( ( N e. NN0 /\ k e. NN0 ) -> ( k + 1 ) e. NN ) |
| 70 | 69 | nnzd | |- ( ( N e. NN0 /\ k e. NN0 ) -> ( k + 1 ) e. ZZ ) |
| 71 | bcpasc | |- ( ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) e. NN0 /\ ( k + 1 ) e. ZZ ) -> ( ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C ( k + 1 ) ) + ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C ( ( k + 1 ) - 1 ) ) ) = ( ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) + 1 ) _C ( k + 1 ) ) ) |
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| 72 | 67 70 71 | syl2anc | |- ( ( N e. NN0 /\ k e. NN0 ) -> ( ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C ( k + 1 ) ) + ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C ( ( k + 1 ) - 1 ) ) ) = ( ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) + 1 ) _C ( k + 1 ) ) ) |
| 73 | 65 72 | eqtr3d | |- ( ( N e. NN0 /\ k e. NN0 ) -> ( ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C ( k + 1 ) ) + ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C k ) ) = ( ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) + 1 ) _C ( k + 1 ) ) ) |
| 74 | nn0p1nn | |- ( N e. NN0 -> ( N + 1 ) e. NN ) |
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| 75 | nnnn0addcl | |- ( ( ( N + 1 ) e. NN /\ k e. NN0 ) -> ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) e. NN ) |
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| 76 | 74 75 | sylan | |- ( ( N e. NN0 /\ k e. NN0 ) -> ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) e. NN ) |
| 77 | 76 | nnnn0d | |- ( ( N e. NN0 /\ k e. NN0 ) -> ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) e. NN0 ) |
| 78 | bccl | |- ( ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) e. NN0 /\ ( k + 1 ) e. ZZ ) -> ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C ( k + 1 ) ) e. NN0 ) |
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| 79 | 77 70 78 | syl2anc | |- ( ( N e. NN0 /\ k e. NN0 ) -> ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C ( k + 1 ) ) e. NN0 ) |
| 80 | 79 | nn0cnd | |- ( ( N e. NN0 /\ k e. NN0 ) -> ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C ( k + 1 ) ) e. CC ) |
| 81 | nn0z | |- ( k e. NN0 -> k e. ZZ ) |
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| 82 | 81 | adantl | |- ( ( ( N + 1 ) e. NN0 /\ k e. NN0 ) -> k e. ZZ ) |
| 83 | bccl | |- ( ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) e. NN0 /\ k e. ZZ ) -> ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C k ) e. NN0 ) |
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| 84 | 66 82 83 | syl2anc | |- ( ( ( N + 1 ) e. NN0 /\ k e. NN0 ) -> ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C k ) e. NN0 ) |
| 85 | 29 84 | sylan | |- ( ( N e. NN0 /\ k e. NN0 ) -> ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C k ) e. NN0 ) |
| 86 | 85 | nn0cnd | |- ( ( N e. NN0 /\ k e. NN0 ) -> ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C k ) e. CC ) |
| 87 | 80 86 | addcomd | |- ( ( N e. NN0 /\ k e. NN0 ) -> ( ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C ( k + 1 ) ) + ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C k ) ) = ( ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C k ) + ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C ( k + 1 ) ) ) ) |
| 88 | peano2cn | |- ( N e. CC -> ( N + 1 ) e. CC ) |
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| 89 | 48 88 | syl | |- ( N e. NN0 -> ( N + 1 ) e. CC ) |
| 90 | 89 | adantr | |- ( ( N e. NN0 /\ k e. NN0 ) -> ( N + 1 ) e. CC ) |
| 91 | 90 51 52 | addassd | |- ( ( N e. NN0 /\ k e. NN0 ) -> ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) + 1 ) = ( ( N + 1 ) + ( k + 1 ) ) ) |
| 92 | 91 | oveq1d | |- ( ( N e. NN0 /\ k e. NN0 ) -> ( ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) + 1 ) _C ( k + 1 ) ) = ( ( ( N + 1 ) + ( k + 1 ) ) _C ( k + 1 ) ) ) |
| 93 | 73 87 92 | 3eqtr3d | |- ( ( N e. NN0 /\ k e. NN0 ) -> ( ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C k ) + ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C ( k + 1 ) ) ) = ( ( ( N + 1 ) + ( k + 1 ) ) _C ( k + 1 ) ) ) |
| 94 | 93 | adantr | |- ( ( ( N e. NN0 /\ k e. NN0 ) /\ ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C k ) = sum_ j e. ( 0 ... k ) ( ( N + j ) _C j ) ) -> ( ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C k ) + ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C ( k + 1 ) ) ) = ( ( ( N + 1 ) + ( k + 1 ) ) _C ( k + 1 ) ) ) |
| 95 | 58 60 94 | 3eqtr2rd | |- ( ( ( N e. NN0 /\ k e. NN0 ) /\ ( ( ( N + 1 ) + k ) _C k ) = sum_ j e. ( 0 ... k ) ( ( N + j ) _C j ) ) -> ( ( ( N + 1 ) + ( k + 1 ) ) _C ( k + 1 ) ) = sum_ j e. ( 0 ... ( k + 1 ) ) ( ( N + j ) _C j ) ) |
| 96 | 4 8 12 16 34 95 | nn0indd | |- ( ( N e. NN0 /\ M e. NN0 ) -> ( ( ( N + 1 ) + M ) _C M ) = sum_ j e. ( 0 ... M ) ( ( N + j ) _C j ) ) |