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Description: Represent the falling factorial via factorials when the first argument is a natural. (Contributed by Scott Fenton, 20-Mar-2018)
| Ref | Expression | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Assertion | fallfacval4 | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) → ( 𝐴 FallFac 𝑁 ) = ( ( ! ‘ 𝐴 ) / ( ! ‘ ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) ) ) ) |
| Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fzfid | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) → ( ( ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) + 1 ) ... 𝐴 ) ∈ Fin ) | |
| 2 | elfzelz | ⊢ ( 𝑘 ∈ ( ( ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) + 1 ) ... 𝐴 ) → 𝑘 ∈ ℤ ) | |
| 3 | 2 | zcnd | ⊢ ( 𝑘 ∈ ( ( ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) + 1 ) ... 𝐴 ) → 𝑘 ∈ ℂ ) |
| 4 | 3 | adantl | ⊢ ( ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ( ( ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) + 1 ) ... 𝐴 ) ) → 𝑘 ∈ ℂ ) |
| 5 | 1 4 | fprodcl | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) → ∏ 𝑘 ∈ ( ( ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) + 1 ) ... 𝐴 ) 𝑘 ∈ ℂ ) |
| 6 | fzfid | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) → ( 1 ... ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) ) ∈ Fin ) | |
| 7 | elfznn | ⊢ ( 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) ) → 𝑘 ∈ ℕ ) | |
| 8 | 7 | adantl | ⊢ ( ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) ) ) → 𝑘 ∈ ℕ ) |
| 9 | 8 | nncnd | ⊢ ( ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) ) ) → 𝑘 ∈ ℂ ) |
| 10 | 6 9 | fprodcl | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) → ∏ 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) ) 𝑘 ∈ ℂ ) |
| 11 | 8 | nnne0d | ⊢ ( ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) ) ) → 𝑘 ≠ 0 ) |
| 12 | 6 9 11 | fprodn0 | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) → ∏ 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) ) 𝑘 ≠ 0 ) |
| 13 | 5 10 12 | divcan3d | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) → ( ( ∏ 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) ) 𝑘 · ∏ 𝑘 ∈ ( ( ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) + 1 ) ... 𝐴 ) 𝑘 ) / ∏ 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) ) 𝑘 ) = ∏ 𝑘 ∈ ( ( ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) + 1 ) ... 𝐴 ) 𝑘 ) |
| 14 | fznn0sub | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) → ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) ∈ ℕ0 ) | |
| 15 | 14 | nn0red | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) → ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) ∈ ℝ ) |
| 16 | 15 | ltp1d | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) → ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) < ( ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) + 1 ) ) |
| 17 | fzdisj | ⊢ ( ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) < ( ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) + 1 ) → ( ( 1 ... ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) ) ∩ ( ( ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) + 1 ) ... 𝐴 ) ) = ∅ ) | |
| 18 | 16 17 | syl | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) → ( ( 1 ... ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) ) ∩ ( ( ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) + 1 ) ... 𝐴 ) ) = ∅ ) |
| 19 | nn0p1nn | ⊢ ( ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) ∈ ℕ0 → ( ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) + 1 ) ∈ ℕ ) | |
| 20 | 14 19 | syl | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) → ( ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) + 1 ) ∈ ℕ ) |
| 21 | nnuz | ⊢ ℕ = ( ℤ≥ ‘ 1 ) | |
| 22 | 20 21 | eleqtrdi | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) → ( ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) + 1 ) ∈ ( ℤ≥ ‘ 1 ) ) |
| 23 | 14 | nn0zd | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) → ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) ∈ ℤ ) |
| 24 | elfzel2 | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) → 𝐴 ∈ ℤ ) | |
| 25 | elfzle1 | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) → 0 ≤ 𝑁 ) | |
| 26 | 24 | zred | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ ) |
| 27 | elfzelz | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) → 𝑁 ∈ ℤ ) | |
| 28 | 27 | zred | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) → 𝑁 ∈ ℝ ) |
| 29 | 26 28 | subge02d | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) → ( 0 ≤ 𝑁 ↔ ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) ≤ 𝐴 ) ) |
| 30 | 25 29 | mpbid | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) → ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) ≤ 𝐴 ) |
| 31 | eluz2 | ⊢ ( 𝐴 ∈ ( ℤ≥ ‘ ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) ) ↔ ( ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℤ ∧ ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) ≤ 𝐴 ) ) | |
| 32 | 23 24 30 31 | syl3anbrc | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) → 𝐴 ∈ ( ℤ≥ ‘ ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) ) ) |
| 33 | fzsplit2 | ⊢ ( ( ( ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) + 1 ) ∈ ( ℤ≥ ‘ 1 ) ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ( ℤ≥ ‘ ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) ) ) → ( 1 ... 𝐴 ) = ( ( 1 ... ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) ) ∪ ( ( ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) + 1 ) ... 𝐴 ) ) ) | |
| 34 | 22 32 33 | syl2anc | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) → ( 1 ... 𝐴 ) = ( ( 1 ... ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) ) ∪ ( ( ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) + 1 ) ... 𝐴 ) ) ) |
| 35 | fzfid | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) → ( 1 ... 𝐴 ) ∈ Fin ) | |
| 36 | elfznn | ⊢ ( 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... 𝐴 ) → 𝑘 ∈ ℕ ) | |
| 37 | 36 | nncnd | ⊢ ( 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... 𝐴 ) → 𝑘 ∈ ℂ ) |
| 38 | 37 | adantl | ⊢ ( ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... 𝐴 ) ) → 𝑘 ∈ ℂ ) |
| 39 | 18 34 35 38 | fprodsplit | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) → ∏ 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... 𝐴 ) 𝑘 = ( ∏ 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) ) 𝑘 · ∏ 𝑘 ∈ ( ( ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) + 1 ) ... 𝐴 ) 𝑘 ) ) |
| 40 | 39 | oveq1d | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) → ( ∏ 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... 𝐴 ) 𝑘 / ∏ 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) ) 𝑘 ) = ( ( ∏ 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) ) 𝑘 · ∏ 𝑘 ∈ ( ( ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) + 1 ) ... 𝐴 ) 𝑘 ) / ∏ 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) ) 𝑘 ) ) |
| 41 | 24 | zcnd | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ ) |
| 42 | 27 | zcnd | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) → 𝑁 ∈ ℂ ) |
| 43 | 1cnd | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) → 1 ∈ ℂ ) | |
| 44 | 41 42 43 | subsubd | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) → ( 𝐴 − ( 𝑁 − 1 ) ) = ( ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) + 1 ) ) |
| 45 | 44 | oveq1d | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) → ( ( 𝐴 − ( 𝑁 − 1 ) ) ... 𝐴 ) = ( ( ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) + 1 ) ... 𝐴 ) ) |
| 46 | 45 | prodeq1d | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) → ∏ 𝑘 ∈ ( ( 𝐴 − ( 𝑁 − 1 ) ) ... 𝐴 ) 𝑘 = ∏ 𝑘 ∈ ( ( ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) + 1 ) ... 𝐴 ) 𝑘 ) |
| 47 | 13 40 46 | 3eqtr4rd | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) → ∏ 𝑘 ∈ ( ( 𝐴 − ( 𝑁 − 1 ) ) ... 𝐴 ) 𝑘 = ( ∏ 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... 𝐴 ) 𝑘 / ∏ 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) ) 𝑘 ) ) |
| 48 | fallfacval3 | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) → ( 𝐴 FallFac 𝑁 ) = ∏ 𝑘 ∈ ( ( 𝐴 − ( 𝑁 − 1 ) ) ... 𝐴 ) 𝑘 ) | |
| 49 | elfz3nn0 | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) → 𝐴 ∈ ℕ0 ) | |
| 50 | fprodfac | ⊢ ( 𝐴 ∈ ℕ0 → ( ! ‘ 𝐴 ) = ∏ 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... 𝐴 ) 𝑘 ) | |
| 51 | 49 50 | syl | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) → ( ! ‘ 𝐴 ) = ∏ 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... 𝐴 ) 𝑘 ) |
| 52 | fprodfac | ⊢ ( ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) ∈ ℕ0 → ( ! ‘ ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) ) = ∏ 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) ) 𝑘 ) | |
| 53 | 14 52 | syl | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) → ( ! ‘ ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) ) = ∏ 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) ) 𝑘 ) |
| 54 | 51 53 | oveq12d | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) → ( ( ! ‘ 𝐴 ) / ( ! ‘ ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) ) ) = ( ∏ 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... 𝐴 ) 𝑘 / ∏ 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) ) 𝑘 ) ) |
| 55 | 47 48 54 | 3eqtr4d | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ( 0 ... 𝐴 ) → ( 𝐴 FallFac 𝑁 ) = ( ( ! ‘ 𝐴 ) / ( ! ‘ ( 𝐴 − 𝑁 ) ) ) ) |