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Description: Nicomachus's Theorem. The sum of the odd numbers from N ^ 2 - N + 1 to N ^ 2 + N - 1 is N ^ 3 . Proof 2 from https://proofwiki.org/wiki/Nicomachus%27s_Theorem . (Contributed by SN, 21-Mar-2025)
| Ref | Expression | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Assertion | nicomachus | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 → Σ 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... 𝑁 ) ( ( ( 𝑁 ↑ 2 ) − 𝑁 ) + ( ( 2 · 𝑘 ) − 1 ) ) = ( 𝑁 ↑ 3 ) ) |
| Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fzfid | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 → ( 1 ... 𝑁 ) ∈ Fin ) | |
| 2 | nn0cn | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 → 𝑁 ∈ ℂ ) | |
| 3 | 2 | adantr | ⊢ ( ( 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... 𝑁 ) ) → 𝑁 ∈ ℂ ) |
| 4 | 3 | sqcld | ⊢ ( ( 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... 𝑁 ) ) → ( 𝑁 ↑ 2 ) ∈ ℂ ) |
| 5 | 4 3 | subcld | ⊢ ( ( 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... 𝑁 ) ) → ( ( 𝑁 ↑ 2 ) − 𝑁 ) ∈ ℂ ) |
| 6 | 2cnd | ⊢ ( ( 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... 𝑁 ) ) → 2 ∈ ℂ ) | |
| 7 | elfznn | ⊢ ( 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... 𝑁 ) → 𝑘 ∈ ℕ ) | |
| 8 | 7 | nncnd | ⊢ ( 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... 𝑁 ) → 𝑘 ∈ ℂ ) |
| 9 | 8 | adantl | ⊢ ( ( 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... 𝑁 ) ) → 𝑘 ∈ ℂ ) |
| 10 | 6 9 | mulcld | ⊢ ( ( 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... 𝑁 ) ) → ( 2 · 𝑘 ) ∈ ℂ ) |
| 11 | 1cnd | ⊢ ( ( 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... 𝑁 ) ) → 1 ∈ ℂ ) | |
| 12 | 10 11 | subcld | ⊢ ( ( 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 ∧ 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... 𝑁 ) ) → ( ( 2 · 𝑘 ) − 1 ) ∈ ℂ ) |
| 13 | 1 5 12 | fsumadd | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 → Σ 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... 𝑁 ) ( ( ( 𝑁 ↑ 2 ) − 𝑁 ) + ( ( 2 · 𝑘 ) − 1 ) ) = ( Σ 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... 𝑁 ) ( ( 𝑁 ↑ 2 ) − 𝑁 ) + Σ 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... 𝑁 ) ( ( 2 · 𝑘 ) − 1 ) ) ) |
| 14 | id | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 → 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 ) | |
| 15 | 2 | sqcld | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 → ( 𝑁 ↑ 2 ) ∈ ℂ ) |
| 16 | 15 2 | subcld | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 → ( ( 𝑁 ↑ 2 ) − 𝑁 ) ∈ ℂ ) |
| 17 | 14 16 | fz1sumconst | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 → Σ 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... 𝑁 ) ( ( 𝑁 ↑ 2 ) − 𝑁 ) = ( 𝑁 · ( ( 𝑁 ↑ 2 ) − 𝑁 ) ) ) |
| 18 | 2 15 2 | subdid | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 → ( 𝑁 · ( ( 𝑁 ↑ 2 ) − 𝑁 ) ) = ( ( 𝑁 · ( 𝑁 ↑ 2 ) ) − ( 𝑁 · 𝑁 ) ) ) |
| 19 | df-3 | ⊢ 3 = ( 2 + 1 ) | |
| 20 | 19 | oveq2i | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ↑ 3 ) = ( 𝑁 ↑ ( 2 + 1 ) ) |
| 21 | 2nn0 | ⊢ 2 ∈ ℕ0 | |
| 22 | 21 | a1i | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 → 2 ∈ ℕ0 ) |
| 23 | 2 22 | expp1d | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 → ( 𝑁 ↑ ( 2 + 1 ) ) = ( ( 𝑁 ↑ 2 ) · 𝑁 ) ) |
| 24 | 20 23 | eqtrid | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 → ( 𝑁 ↑ 3 ) = ( ( 𝑁 ↑ 2 ) · 𝑁 ) ) |
| 25 | 15 2 | mulcomd | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 → ( ( 𝑁 ↑ 2 ) · 𝑁 ) = ( 𝑁 · ( 𝑁 ↑ 2 ) ) ) |
| 26 | 24 25 | eqtr2d | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 → ( 𝑁 · ( 𝑁 ↑ 2 ) ) = ( 𝑁 ↑ 3 ) ) |
| 27 | 2 | sqvald | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 → ( 𝑁 ↑ 2 ) = ( 𝑁 · 𝑁 ) ) |
| 28 | 27 | eqcomd | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 → ( 𝑁 · 𝑁 ) = ( 𝑁 ↑ 2 ) ) |
| 29 | 26 28 | oveq12d | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 → ( ( 𝑁 · ( 𝑁 ↑ 2 ) ) − ( 𝑁 · 𝑁 ) ) = ( ( 𝑁 ↑ 3 ) − ( 𝑁 ↑ 2 ) ) ) |
| 30 | 17 18 29 | 3eqtrd | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 → Σ 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... 𝑁 ) ( ( 𝑁 ↑ 2 ) − 𝑁 ) = ( ( 𝑁 ↑ 3 ) − ( 𝑁 ↑ 2 ) ) ) |
| 31 | oddnumth | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 → Σ 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... 𝑁 ) ( ( 2 · 𝑘 ) − 1 ) = ( 𝑁 ↑ 2 ) ) | |
| 32 | 30 31 | oveq12d | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 → ( Σ 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... 𝑁 ) ( ( 𝑁 ↑ 2 ) − 𝑁 ) + Σ 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... 𝑁 ) ( ( 2 · 𝑘 ) − 1 ) ) = ( ( ( 𝑁 ↑ 3 ) − ( 𝑁 ↑ 2 ) ) + ( 𝑁 ↑ 2 ) ) ) |
| 33 | 3nn0 | ⊢ 3 ∈ ℕ0 | |
| 34 | 33 | a1i | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 → 3 ∈ ℕ0 ) |
| 35 | 2 34 | expcld | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 → ( 𝑁 ↑ 3 ) ∈ ℂ ) |
| 36 | 35 15 | npcand | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 → ( ( ( 𝑁 ↑ 3 ) − ( 𝑁 ↑ 2 ) ) + ( 𝑁 ↑ 2 ) ) = ( 𝑁 ↑ 3 ) ) |
| 37 | 13 32 36 | 3eqtrd | ⊢ ( 𝑁 ∈ ℕ0 → Σ 𝑘 ∈ ( 1 ... 𝑁 ) ( ( ( 𝑁 ↑ 2 ) − 𝑁 ) + ( ( 2 · 𝑘 ) − 1 ) ) = ( 𝑁 ↑ 3 ) ) |