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Description: A power to a negative exponent goes to zero as the base becomes large. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 15-Sep-2014) (Revised by Mario Carneiro, 18-May-2016)
| Ref | Expression | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Assertion | cxplim | ⊢ ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ → ( 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ↦ ( 1 / ( 𝑛 ↑𝑐 𝐴 ) ) ) ⇝𝑟 0 ) |
| Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | rpre | ⊢ ( 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ → 𝑥 ∈ ℝ ) | |
| 2 | 1 | adantl | ⊢ ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) → 𝑥 ∈ ℝ ) |
| 3 | rpge0 | ⊢ ( 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ → 0 ≤ 𝑥 ) | |
| 4 | 3 | adantl | ⊢ ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) → 0 ≤ 𝑥 ) |
| 5 | rpre | ⊢ ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ ) | |
| 6 | 5 | renegcld | ⊢ ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ → - 𝐴 ∈ ℝ ) |
| 7 | 6 | adantr | ⊢ ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) → - 𝐴 ∈ ℝ ) |
| 8 | rpcn | ⊢ ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ ) | |
| 9 | rpne0 | ⊢ ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ → 𝐴 ≠ 0 ) | |
| 10 | 8 9 | negne0d | ⊢ ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ → - 𝐴 ≠ 0 ) |
| 11 | 10 | adantr | ⊢ ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) → - 𝐴 ≠ 0 ) |
| 12 | 7 11 | rereccld | ⊢ ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) → ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ∈ ℝ ) |
| 13 | 2 4 12 | recxpcld | ⊢ ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) → ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) ∈ ℝ ) |
| 14 | simprl | ⊢ ( ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) ∧ ( 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑛 ) ) → 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ) | |
| 15 | 5 | ad2antrr | ⊢ ( ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) ∧ ( 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑛 ) ) → 𝐴 ∈ ℝ ) |
| 16 | 14 15 | rpcxpcld | ⊢ ( ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) ∧ ( 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑛 ) ) → ( 𝑛 ↑𝑐 𝐴 ) ∈ ℝ+ ) |
| 17 | 16 | rpreccld | ⊢ ( ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) ∧ ( 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑛 ) ) → ( 1 / ( 𝑛 ↑𝑐 𝐴 ) ) ∈ ℝ+ ) |
| 18 | 17 | rprege0d | ⊢ ( ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) ∧ ( 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑛 ) ) → ( ( 1 / ( 𝑛 ↑𝑐 𝐴 ) ) ∈ ℝ ∧ 0 ≤ ( 1 / ( 𝑛 ↑𝑐 𝐴 ) ) ) ) |
| 19 | absid | ⊢ ( ( ( 1 / ( 𝑛 ↑𝑐 𝐴 ) ) ∈ ℝ ∧ 0 ≤ ( 1 / ( 𝑛 ↑𝑐 𝐴 ) ) ) → ( abs ‘ ( 1 / ( 𝑛 ↑𝑐 𝐴 ) ) ) = ( 1 / ( 𝑛 ↑𝑐 𝐴 ) ) ) | |
| 20 | 18 19 | syl | ⊢ ( ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) ∧ ( 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑛 ) ) → ( abs ‘ ( 1 / ( 𝑛 ↑𝑐 𝐴 ) ) ) = ( 1 / ( 𝑛 ↑𝑐 𝐴 ) ) ) |
| 21 | simplr | ⊢ ( ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) ∧ ( 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑛 ) ) → 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) | |
| 22 | simprr | ⊢ ( ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) ∧ ( 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑛 ) ) → ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑛 ) | |
| 23 | rpreccl | ⊢ ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ → ( 1 / 𝐴 ) ∈ ℝ+ ) | |
| 24 | 23 | ad2antrr | ⊢ ( ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) ∧ ( 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑛 ) ) → ( 1 / 𝐴 ) ∈ ℝ+ ) |
| 25 | 24 | rpcnd | ⊢ ( ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) ∧ ( 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑛 ) ) → ( 1 / 𝐴 ) ∈ ℂ ) |
| 26 | 21 25 | cxprecd | ⊢ ( ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) ∧ ( 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑛 ) ) → ( ( 1 / 𝑥 ) ↑𝑐 ( 1 / 𝐴 ) ) = ( 1 / ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / 𝐴 ) ) ) ) |
| 27 | rpcn | ⊢ ( 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ → 𝑥 ∈ ℂ ) | |
| 28 | 27 | ad2antlr | ⊢ ( ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) ∧ ( 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑛 ) ) → 𝑥 ∈ ℂ ) |
| 29 | rpne0 | ⊢ ( 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ → 𝑥 ≠ 0 ) | |
| 30 | 29 | ad2antlr | ⊢ ( ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) ∧ ( 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑛 ) ) → 𝑥 ≠ 0 ) |
| 31 | 28 30 25 | cxpnegd | ⊢ ( ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) ∧ ( 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑛 ) ) → ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 - ( 1 / 𝐴 ) ) = ( 1 / ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / 𝐴 ) ) ) ) |
| 32 | 1cnd | ⊢ ( ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) ∧ ( 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑛 ) ) → 1 ∈ ℂ ) | |
| 33 | 8 | ad2antrr | ⊢ ( ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) ∧ ( 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑛 ) ) → 𝐴 ∈ ℂ ) |
| 34 | 9 | ad2antrr | ⊢ ( ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) ∧ ( 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑛 ) ) → 𝐴 ≠ 0 ) |
| 35 | 32 33 34 | divneg2d | ⊢ ( ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) ∧ ( 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑛 ) ) → - ( 1 / 𝐴 ) = ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) |
| 36 | 35 | oveq2d | ⊢ ( ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) ∧ ( 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑛 ) ) → ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 - ( 1 / 𝐴 ) ) = ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) ) |
| 37 | 26 31 36 | 3eqtr2d | ⊢ ( ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) ∧ ( 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑛 ) ) → ( ( 1 / 𝑥 ) ↑𝑐 ( 1 / 𝐴 ) ) = ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) ) |
| 38 | 33 34 | recidd | ⊢ ( ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) ∧ ( 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑛 ) ) → ( 𝐴 · ( 1 / 𝐴 ) ) = 1 ) |
| 39 | 38 | oveq2d | ⊢ ( ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) ∧ ( 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑛 ) ) → ( 𝑛 ↑𝑐 ( 𝐴 · ( 1 / 𝐴 ) ) ) = ( 𝑛 ↑𝑐 1 ) ) |
| 40 | 14 15 25 | cxpmuld | ⊢ ( ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) ∧ ( 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑛 ) ) → ( 𝑛 ↑𝑐 ( 𝐴 · ( 1 / 𝐴 ) ) ) = ( ( 𝑛 ↑𝑐 𝐴 ) ↑𝑐 ( 1 / 𝐴 ) ) ) |
| 41 | 14 | rpcnd | ⊢ ( ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) ∧ ( 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑛 ) ) → 𝑛 ∈ ℂ ) |
| 42 | 41 | cxp1d | ⊢ ( ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) ∧ ( 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑛 ) ) → ( 𝑛 ↑𝑐 1 ) = 𝑛 ) |
| 43 | 39 40 42 | 3eqtr3d | ⊢ ( ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) ∧ ( 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑛 ) ) → ( ( 𝑛 ↑𝑐 𝐴 ) ↑𝑐 ( 1 / 𝐴 ) ) = 𝑛 ) |
| 44 | 22 37 43 | 3brtr4d | ⊢ ( ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) ∧ ( 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑛 ) ) → ( ( 1 / 𝑥 ) ↑𝑐 ( 1 / 𝐴 ) ) < ( ( 𝑛 ↑𝑐 𝐴 ) ↑𝑐 ( 1 / 𝐴 ) ) ) |
| 45 | rpreccl | ⊢ ( 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ → ( 1 / 𝑥 ) ∈ ℝ+ ) | |
| 46 | 45 | ad2antlr | ⊢ ( ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) ∧ ( 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑛 ) ) → ( 1 / 𝑥 ) ∈ ℝ+ ) |
| 47 | 46 | rpred | ⊢ ( ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) ∧ ( 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑛 ) ) → ( 1 / 𝑥 ) ∈ ℝ ) |
| 48 | 46 | rpge0d | ⊢ ( ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) ∧ ( 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑛 ) ) → 0 ≤ ( 1 / 𝑥 ) ) |
| 49 | 16 | rpred | ⊢ ( ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) ∧ ( 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑛 ) ) → ( 𝑛 ↑𝑐 𝐴 ) ∈ ℝ ) |
| 50 | 16 | rpge0d | ⊢ ( ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) ∧ ( 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑛 ) ) → 0 ≤ ( 𝑛 ↑𝑐 𝐴 ) ) |
| 51 | 47 48 49 50 24 | cxplt2d | ⊢ ( ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) ∧ ( 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑛 ) ) → ( ( 1 / 𝑥 ) < ( 𝑛 ↑𝑐 𝐴 ) ↔ ( ( 1 / 𝑥 ) ↑𝑐 ( 1 / 𝐴 ) ) < ( ( 𝑛 ↑𝑐 𝐴 ) ↑𝑐 ( 1 / 𝐴 ) ) ) ) |
| 52 | 44 51 | mpbird | ⊢ ( ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) ∧ ( 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑛 ) ) → ( 1 / 𝑥 ) < ( 𝑛 ↑𝑐 𝐴 ) ) |
| 53 | 21 16 52 | ltrec1d | ⊢ ( ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) ∧ ( 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑛 ) ) → ( 1 / ( 𝑛 ↑𝑐 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑥 ) |
| 54 | 20 53 | eqbrtrd | ⊢ ( ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) ∧ ( 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑛 ) ) → ( abs ‘ ( 1 / ( 𝑛 ↑𝑐 𝐴 ) ) ) < 𝑥 ) |
| 55 | 54 | expr | ⊢ ( ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) ∧ 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ) → ( ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑛 → ( abs ‘ ( 1 / ( 𝑛 ↑𝑐 𝐴 ) ) ) < 𝑥 ) ) |
| 56 | 55 | ralrimiva | ⊢ ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) → ∀ 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ( ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑛 → ( abs ‘ ( 1 / ( 𝑛 ↑𝑐 𝐴 ) ) ) < 𝑥 ) ) |
| 57 | breq1 | ⊢ ( 𝑦 = ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) → ( 𝑦 < 𝑛 ↔ ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑛 ) ) | |
| 58 | 57 | rspceaimv | ⊢ ( ( ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) ∈ ℝ ∧ ∀ 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ( ( 𝑥 ↑𝑐 ( 1 / - 𝐴 ) ) < 𝑛 → ( abs ‘ ( 1 / ( 𝑛 ↑𝑐 𝐴 ) ) ) < 𝑥 ) ) → ∃ 𝑦 ∈ ℝ ∀ 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ( 𝑦 < 𝑛 → ( abs ‘ ( 1 / ( 𝑛 ↑𝑐 𝐴 ) ) ) < 𝑥 ) ) |
| 59 | 13 56 58 | syl2anc | ⊢ ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ) → ∃ 𝑦 ∈ ℝ ∀ 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ( 𝑦 < 𝑛 → ( abs ‘ ( 1 / ( 𝑛 ↑𝑐 𝐴 ) ) ) < 𝑥 ) ) |
| 60 | 59 | ralrimiva | ⊢ ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ → ∀ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ∃ 𝑦 ∈ ℝ ∀ 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ( 𝑦 < 𝑛 → ( abs ‘ ( 1 / ( 𝑛 ↑𝑐 𝐴 ) ) ) < 𝑥 ) ) |
| 61 | id | ⊢ ( 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ → 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ) | |
| 62 | rpcxpcl | ⊢ ( ( 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝐴 ∈ ℝ ) → ( 𝑛 ↑𝑐 𝐴 ) ∈ ℝ+ ) | |
| 63 | 61 5 62 | syl2anr | ⊢ ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ) → ( 𝑛 ↑𝑐 𝐴 ) ∈ ℝ+ ) |
| 64 | 63 | rpreccld | ⊢ ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ) → ( 1 / ( 𝑛 ↑𝑐 𝐴 ) ) ∈ ℝ+ ) |
| 65 | 64 | rpcnd | ⊢ ( ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ) → ( 1 / ( 𝑛 ↑𝑐 𝐴 ) ) ∈ ℂ ) |
| 66 | 65 | ralrimiva | ⊢ ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ → ∀ 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ( 1 / ( 𝑛 ↑𝑐 𝐴 ) ) ∈ ℂ ) |
| 67 | rpssre | ⊢ ℝ+ ⊆ ℝ | |
| 68 | 67 | a1i | ⊢ ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ → ℝ+ ⊆ ℝ ) |
| 69 | 66 68 | rlim0lt | ⊢ ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ → ( ( 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ↦ ( 1 / ( 𝑛 ↑𝑐 𝐴 ) ) ) ⇝𝑟 0 ↔ ∀ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ+ ∃ 𝑦 ∈ ℝ ∀ 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ( 𝑦 < 𝑛 → ( abs ‘ ( 1 / ( 𝑛 ↑𝑐 𝐴 ) ) ) < 𝑥 ) ) ) |
| 70 | 60 69 | mpbird | ⊢ ( 𝐴 ∈ ℝ+ → ( 𝑛 ∈ ℝ+ ↦ ( 1 / ( 𝑛 ↑𝑐 𝐴 ) ) ) ⇝𝑟 0 ) |